Natural Science

How our Universe arose, how life appeared on Earth, how human civilization developed, in what relationship with nature people have now - we will try to answer these questions here. The Earth is our shared planet on which we all stand with our feet. Our spaceship, speeding through space and time. The fate of the Earth is our common fate.

Let's study how this ship's mechanisms work so as not to break it so that humanity can live happily ever after.

Сurriculum

1. The Genesis of the Universe
   Start over! Look on a cloudless night at a dark sky. What can you see there? You might say, "stars." But the space between them is also not empty. It is filled with invisible waves and atoms of transparent gases, and inaudible sounds. Just as detectives can find a criminal by insignificant traces - a fingerprint or a piece of clothing, so scientists, exploring the visible and invisible phenomena of the Cosmos, can restore the history of the Universe. Until we can reproduce the Universe's birth during the experiment, the Big Bang remains an unproven hypothesis. However, most scientists believe that this is the way for our world to appear.
   In this lesson, we will try to understand the essence of the Big Bang. We also learn how stars are born and die.
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2. Planet Earth
   The universe began with the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago.
   The first stars were born and died. Their dust eventually gathered into the protostar, from which the Sun and the planets, including our Earth, emerged. Now we have a clear picture of the Earth and the solar system. But was it always like this? No way! Let's explore the history of how we understood the world. It is long and complex. We will see how people gradually moved from the first simple ideas to a precise model of the world.
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3. The History of Life on Earth
   Last time, we settled on the fact that our Earth turned out to be a very prosperous planet - not too cold, not too hot, not too small, and not too big, our Sun is good, and its location is in the best part of the galaxy. And how could life not appear on such an incredible planet?
   However, how it happened - one can only guess. But life arose and began to develop quickly. In this lesson, we will have a look at the evolution of living creatures.
   The History of Life on Earth  lesson preview on YouTube
   
4. Mythical Animals
   There is a saying, "The dream of reason gives rise to monsters." The brain is arranged so that if a person does not know or does not understand something, it can fill the knowledge gaps haphazardly.
   Now we know which living organisms exist and which do not, and we understand how they are constructed. But in ancient times, there were very few scientists (and much fewer people on the whole). They did not know much about the world, and even the most intelligent and educated were sometimes compelled to write descriptions of animals only from paraphrases of "eyewitnesses." And so, from pieces of truth and fantasies, "bestaria" appeared (in Latin, Bestia means "beast") - collections of zoological articles with exciting content.

   In this lesson, we will get to know some drastic mythical monsters.
   
5. Cryptozoology
   Secrets and riddles will always attract people. Elephants, rhinos, orangutans live on earth, hummingbirds fly, whale sharks swim - many fascinating creatures. But the heart never stops in anticipation of something interesting as when we hear the word "yeti". Or the Loch Ness Monster. Let's read the stories of these and other mysterious creatures (they are called "cryptids") and try to figure out if there is any truth in them.
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   Printable worksheets on TPT
   
6. Practical Inventions of Humankind

   We are surrounded by many useful things that we use every day and get used to, so we stop noticing them. But everything, absolutely everything - was once invented. Before that, it did not exist. There was no soap, no buttons, even no clothes at all. A hairy body protected from the cold, and a digging stick replaced all tools.

   What and when was invented by humankind - we will briefly get to know each other in this lesson.
   
7. How Do Scientists Find Out New Things About the World
   I won't tell you that. Just a hint, and leave it for you to guess.
   
8. Biosphere
   In this session, we will look at an ecosystem, how it relates to the biosphere, and what the biosphere can become over time.
   
9. The Interaction Between People and Nature
   In this lesson, we will learn how the very first people interacted with nature and how it is now. And will practice predicting the consequences of the economic activities of people.
   
10. IUCN Red List

    The achievements of human civilization can be incredible. Among them, is a victory over diseases that used to be fatal and claimed millions of lives. And space flights. And art - enchanting music, beautiful paintings, fascinating and wise books. But some “achievements” are not good at all and we can not be proud of them — for example, records in the Red Book. The Red Book is a book about animals and plants that may soon disappear from our world forever.

    How and why animals die away - we learn from this lesson.
    
11. Nature Reserves

    An ecological disaster erupted on Earth. Tons of garbage are all around, even in near-Earth space. Thin films of oil tighten almost every puddle, and they are played with children, sometimes with two, and sometimes with three hands. There are no more forests; only older people tell how their grandfathers and grandmothers went to the forest as a child - to look for mushrooms and listen to nature. The water in the lakes and rivers is poisoned. You can only drink water from sumps for recycling...

    It’s good that this future has not come yet. And I hope it never happens if we keep the corners of the wild in their original form. For this, there are particularly protected areas - reserves. We’ll talk about them today - what and from whom they are protecting.
    
12. Understanding the Natural Phenomena
    Throughout our lives, we are surrounded by various natural phenomena. And you want to understand what's going on around you, don't you? Of course, you can always ask someone or google it. But it is even more pleasant to determine by yourself what happened and why. Let's practice this ability today.
    
13. Where Does the Soil Come From
    If you dig up the soil, you will find only last year's leaves. Where do the rest go? And anyway, where does all the garbage that falls go?
    
14. Bioindicators
    Discover how the whispers of the wild can guide us to imminent rainfalls, hidden springs of pure water, and the earth's treasures. Our lessons unveil the art of interpreting signals of bioindicators.
    
15. Surviving Everyday Life
    We talked a lot about how to make animal life safer and happier. But man is also an animal (at least from a biological point of view) and needs protection and care. Let's get started today by looking at various dangerous situations that happen all the time (or vice versa, rarely), and from which it would be nice to leave alive and unharmed.
    
16. Biological Laws
    Yes, yes, biology has its laws, the implementation of which is mandatory for everyone. Yes, in principle, to fulfill them, you do not need to do anything on purpose, you just need to be alive.
    
17. Levels of Organization
    Look around you. What do you see? Table, chair, closet? Other people? Maybe a window and trees outside the window? Whatever you see will be only a small part of the world that surrounds us. And not because the rest of the part is far away. Something could be right under your nose - bacteria, for example, but you can't see it because it's so small! Not to mention molecules and atoms. Big things are also impossible to see. If you want to see the biosphere, for example, then even if you reach the very horizon, you will still not see it, because while you are walking towards a distant part of it, you move away from the starting point and stop seeing it. This is how the world around us works. Ready to figure out how it all works?
    
18. Parts of Flowering Plants
    In this lesson, we will explore the key characteristics of flowering plants that allow them to be identified: the structure of the flower, inflorescences, fruits, stems, and leaves, and we will also get acquainted with the systematic position of flowering plants. Don't worry, it may sound dull, but such a simple lesson has prepared many unexpected things for you. For instance, did you know that a cucumber is a gourd, a pear is an apple, and cone berries grow on the gymnosperm juniper? If not, dive in.
    
19. Where to Fnd and How to Identify Minerals
    Inevitably, each of you at home has some minerals. Considering them is very interesting. Today we will try to learn to see the minerals' features and where they come from.
    
20. Physics Is All Around

    "Physics" in Greek translates to "nature". Therefore, there's no need to go far to find physical phenomena. All material bodies around us obey the laws of physics. We might not notice them because they seem ordinary and don't catch the eye. But today, I will try to create a little miracle for you and show several physical experiments that, despite their simplicity, vividly demonstrate the principles and laws of the universe.
21. Chemistry Is All Around

    Chemistry - this word sounds scary, incomprehensible, and damn entertaining. Although chemistry as a science appeared only in the 16th–17th centuries, from the very beginning of our history, people can do chemical reactions. They knew how to turn clay into bricks, smelting ore into iron, and sand into a glass, cooking soap from fat and ash, make yogurt from milk, and brewing beer from grain. But all this was done blindly. Having the first success, people continued to repeat the same actions mechanically to get the same result.

    However, science arises where fortune-telling disappears and an accurate forecast arises. In this lesson, we will talk about how chemistry was born, how chemical elements were discovered, and how you can find these elements in your home. And let's experiment a little.
    
22. The Cycle of Everything in Nature
    I hope we all remember that chemical elements are initially born in stars in the processes of thermonuclear reactions. Light elements (with a small number in the periodic table) - in young and small stars, heavy (with a large number) - in old and giant stars. Stars die, new star systems formed from stardust, and chemical elements continue to spin in an endless carousel - changing chemical bonds but not changing themselves. How? Let's see.
    
23. 17 Ways to Develop Thinking
    The structure of the human brain is very well studied, which cannot be said about human consciousness. When researching the process of thinking, our only tool is the thinking process itself. It's like trying to change the accuracy of a ruler using the ruler itself. There are various assumptions about what it might be, which may be closer or further from the truth. In general, researchers agree that the precursor to consciousness is sensation and emotions, which are also inherent in animals. Higher mental functions arise from the integration of neural ensemble activity, consisting of anatomically close and distant neural groups. But if consciousness is hidden behind a veil of uncertainty, its manifestation - the thinking process - can be studied. Thinking - remembering, problem-solving, and decision-making - has a result that can be verified in practice. And since everyone wants (hopefully) to think as efficiently as possible, today we will try to understand the thinking mechanisms and how they can be trained.
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24. Bionics Is the Science of the Future
    Bionics is a recent but up-and-coming science. It studies nature to apply this to human inventions. So we can say that this kind of industrial espionage - only no one is offended. In this lesson, we will learn interesting engineering solutions found through nature observation.